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October 6, 2008

MATH from scratch, and I don’t mean numerology

Filed under: Uncategorized — ivan @ 12:59 am

== Lesson One ==

I will write down a number for you with stars:
. . .
and here is another
. . . . . . .
but if I write my age,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
in dots it starts to be a little too much to take in.

Imagine trying to write a very large number down like how many days there are in a year. That would be quite a bit of dots!

reason:
In order to be able to represent numbers of all sizes conveniently we need a logarithmic system, that is, a system where the measuring units scale like 1, 10, 100, 1000, 10 000…

Now imagine instead of just dots we used two symbols . and x.
. means one
x means ten
so my age (26) would be xx……
the number of days in the year would be
xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx…..
it is starting to get long, but still this is pretty good compered to writing just the dots. :)

So clearly we are on the right track, and we must continue in this way! Next we invent the following new symbols
v for five
L for fifty
c for one hundred
D for five hundred
M for one thousand
Then the number of days in the year will be
cccLxv
and the year i was born in would be
MD

But what if we had some very large number we wanted to represent that is much greater than a thousand. Then we would need to add new symbols, and in this manner every time we have to
This of a really large number, like how many days have passed since the formation of the solar system?
You would have invent a new symbol for that for sure!

You could say here, that we don’t have such fancy numbers.
We have 129lbs, 12 eggs, 1000$ dollars and so on. But it is still pretty difficult to give names for very large numbers…. things like the age of the universe (if it is finite),
the number of grains of sand on the planet earth, or the number of cells in your body
(Not to mention Avogadro’s number, , etc…)

[edit] List of SI prefixes

The twenty SI prefixes are shown in the chart below.

SI prefixes
1000m 10n Prefix Symbol Since[1] Short scale Long scale Decimal
10008 1024 yotta- Y 1991 Septillion Quadrillion 1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000
10007 1021 zetta- Z 1991 Sextillion Trilliard 1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000
10006 1018 exa- E 1975 Quintillion Trillion 1 000 000 000 000 000 000
10005 1015 peta- P 1975 Quadrillion Billiard 1 000 000 000 000 000
10004 1012 tera- T 1960 Trillion Billion 1 000 000 000 000
10003 109 giga- G 1960 Billion Milliard 1 000 000 000
10002 106 mega- M 1960 Million 1 000 000
10001 103 kilo- k 1795 Thousand 1 000
10002/3 102 hecto- h 1795 Hundred 100
10001/3 101 deca- da 1795 Ten 10
10000 100 (none) (none) NA One 1
1000−1/3 10−1 deci- d 1795 Tenth 0.1
1000−2/3 10−2 centi- c 1795 Hundredth 0.01
1000−1 10−3 milli- m 1795 Thousandth 0.001
1000−2 10−6 micro- µ 1960[2] Millionth 0.000 001
1000−3 10−9 nano- n 1960 Billionth Milliardth 0.000 000 001
1000−4 10−12 pico- p 1960 Trillionth Billionth 0.000 000 000 001
1000−5 10−15 femto- f 1964 Quadrillionth Billiardth 0.000 000 000 000 001
1000−6 10−18 atto- a 1964 Quintillionth Trillionth 0.000 000 000 000 000 001
1000−7 10−21 zepto- z 1991 Sextillionth Trilliardth 0.000 000 000 000 000 000 001
1000−8 10−24 yocto- y 1991 Septillionth Quadrillionth 0.000 000 000 000 000 000 000 001
  1. The metric system was introduced in 1795 with six prefixes. The other dates relate to recognition by a resolution of the CGPM.
  2. The 1948 recognition of the micron by the CGPM was abrogated in 1967.

But really wouldn’t it be simpler if we let the numbers speak for themselves?

Look at the last column in each case. Just by looking at that number you can tell how big it is? Can you? In most people it becomes automatic and we rarely think about it.

1 finger
how many more are there on both your hands
10

how many grams of fat in 100 grams of 1% milk ?
1

10
100
1000
these are the numbers that matter

or if we write the logarithm their sizes
1
2
3

… just count the number of zeros’ and you know how big the number is …


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